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明代永乐款鎏金背光观音像 The Ming Dynasty Yongle style gilt backlight Guanyin statue 佛教自汉代传入中国，但初期只被视作神仙术的一种。魏晋以后，出现了中国的最早一批高僧，他们得到了统治者的大力扶持。西域僧人佛图澄被后赵石虎尊为“大和尚”，他不仅宣讲佛教，还参与军政机要；佛图澄的弟子道安被前秦苻坚迎至长安，领众数千人，他制定了僧团法规仪式，为以后汉族地区的寺院制度奠定了基础；5世纪初，龟兹僧人鸠摩罗什来到长安，在后秦君主姚兴的扶持下主持译经，他不仅系统译出了大量大乘空宗佛典，还培养出僧肇、竺道生等一代建设中国佛教的优秀学者。十六国还是中国佛教艺术的辉煌时代，莫高窟、、等早期开凿于这一时代，现存佛教造像也始见于此时。在佛教东进的旅程中，十六国处于承上启下的重要阶段，从此开始，“佛教征服中国”的脚步加快了。鎏金是古代金属器物的镶金方法，就其加工方法和工艺原理而言也称火锻金。在我国其始于战国，其有两千多年的悠久历史和独特的工艺技巧，是我国古代技术的光辉成就之一。 Buddhism was introduced to China since the Han Dynasty, but was only regarded as a type of immortals. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there appeared the first group of Chinese monks, who received strong support from the rulers. The monk in the Western Regions was honored as a "great monk" by Later Zhao Shihu, who not only preached Buddhism, but also participated in military and political affairs. Buddha Tucheng's disciple Dao' an was welcomed to Chang 'an by the former Qin Fu Jian and led thousands of people. He laid the foundation for the temple system in the Han region. At the beginning of the 50th century, the monk Kumarshi came to Chang' an and hosted the translation by the Later Qin monarch Yao Xing. He not only systematically translated a large number of Mahayana Buddhism, and also trained outstanding scholars in Chinese Buddhism. The Sixteen countries are still a glorious era of Chinese Buddhist art. Mogao Grottoes, Mogao Grottoes, Bingling Temple Grottoes and Maijishan Grottoes were excavated in this era, and the existing Buddhist statues began at this time. In the journey of Buddhism eastward, the sixteen countries were in an important stage of connecting the past and the next, and from then on, the pace of "Buddhist conquest of China" accelerated. Gilding is the gold setting method of ancient metal utensils, also known as fire forging gold in terms of its processing method and process principle. In China, it began in the Warring States Period, and it has a long history of more than two thousand years and its unique technological skills, which is one of the glorious achievements of ancient Chinese technology. 
在明太祖朱元璋的众多子女中，朱棣是比较出色的一位，受朱元璋的影响，朱棣成为永乐皇帝以后也极力推崇佛教，当时他在宫廷内，设立了佛作，专造御用佛像。永乐时期的铜佛造像，浇铸洁净无暇，优美光亮，铸金技艺十分高超，造像体形丰满，袈裟衣褶优美；人物面部略微扁平，眼睛修长。长期以来，永乐官造铜鎏金佛像一直受到人们的喜爱，这也是收藏家们梦寐以求的珍贵藏品。 Among the many children of Zhu Yuanzhang, the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Di was a more excellent one. Under the influence of Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Di also highly respected Buddhism after he became Emperor Yongle. At that time, he was at court and set up the Buddha to create the imperial Buddha. The copper Buddha statues in the Yongle period are clean and flawless, beautiful and bright, very superb gold casting skills, plump shape, beautiful cassock folds; the characters slightly flat face, eyes slender. For a long time, the Yongle official made a copper gilt Buddha statue has been loved by people, which is also the collectors dream of the precious collection. 
The Tibetan Buddha statues made by the Yongle and Xuande courts of the Ming Dynasty, called the Yongshun court statues or Yongxuan statues, represent the highest level of gold and bronze statues in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are only about 400 permanent xuan statues in the world, among which more than 300 are in China, and most of these Yongle Buddha statues are old deposits in the Qing Dynasty. 
In the world of Buddhist gods and ghosts, Guanyin Bodhisattva is the most important thing to the Chinese people. For thousands of years, Guanyin has been deeply believed in and favored by all living beings, "Every Amitore, every household views the world", almost no one knows the name. He integrates with traditional Chinese culture and has a very far-reaching influence. The full name of Guanyin is "Avalokitesvara". Guanyin Bodhisattva is a great Bodhisattva in Buddhism, and pays the most attention to the salvation of the present world. It is said that the victims as long as their name "world sound", the Bodhisattva immediately watched his voice and went to rescue the victims. Also known as the audience sound, opportunity to save all kinds of living beings, so there are a lot of world sound. Han Buddha statues include Yueyue Guanyin, Jiaozi Guanyin, etc., and Tibetan Buddha statues include Saint Guanyin, Ruyi Lun Guanyin, Ma Head Guanyin, Eleven Guanyin, Thousand Eyes Guanyin, etc. Guanyin's honor is "Great Charity, Rescue and Difficulties Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva", referred to as "Great Sad". The image of Han Chuan Guanyin was originally male, which became feminine after the Tang Dynasty. The image of Guanyin was dignified and beautiful, graceful and elegant. 
此件鎏金背光观音像高35厘米，表面鎏金，铸制于明代永乐时期。观音菩萨头戴宝冠，两耳下垂，双目闭合，面貌安详，结跏趺坐在莲花座上，单手腹前，另一只手呈佛印。观音菩萨身穿连帔长袍，胸前佩缨络。观音菩萨的宝冠正中饰佛像，四周饰佛光环祥云纹。袍的帔、领、袖部及袍工艺立体精湛，生动立体。 This gilt backlight Guanyin like 35 centimeters high, the surface is gilt, cast in the Ming Dynasty Yongle period. Guanyin Bodhisattva wears a treasure crown, her ears drooping, her eyes closed, peaceful appearance, sits on the lotus seat, in front of one hand, the other hand is Buddha seal. Guanyin Bodhisattva wore robes robes and tassels on her chest. The treasure crown of Guanyin Bodhisattva is decorated in the middle of the Buddha statue and the Buddha halo and auspicious clouds around it. The robes of robes, collar, sleeves and robe technology three-dimensional exquisite, vivid three-dimensional。 
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